Bronchial Asthma

Bronchial Asthma

Bronchial Asthma

Def....It is characterised by an increasd responsiveness of d trachea and bronchi to various stimuli
_it manifests by widespread narrowing of airway causing Paroxysmal dyspnna, wheezing, cough
_it is commenest chronic illness during childhood

¤Risk factors
_family history of asthma and atopic dise.
_bronchiolitis during infancy
_pasive smoking
_sensitisation 2 allergins during childhood

¤Pathophysiology
_airway obstruction in asthma causd by
1) edema and inflamation of mucous membrne lining airway
2) excessive secretin of mucus, inflamatory cells, and cellular debris
3) spasm of smooth muscle of bronchi
¤Classification
1) extrinsic_IgE mediated, trigered by allergin
2) intrinsic_not igE mediated and triggerd by infection
3) mixed, exercise induced, aspirin induced

¤Pathology
_airway inflammation is d basic pathology in asthma

#Triggers of an Attack of asthma
_Allergy
_viral infection e.g. RSV
_exercise
_weather changes
_emotional stress

¤Clinical Features
_recurrent cough to severe wheezing
_cough is non productive
_dyspnea
_in sevre cases sweating,cyanoshs, restless and get fatigued

¤investigations
_pf test
_chst x ray
_allergy tert

¤D/D
_Bronchiolitis
_congenital malformation
_aspiratiön of foreign body
_extrensic allergic alveolitis

¤Long term management of Asthma
Goals of therapy..
_maintenance of normal pulmonary functin, near normal physical activity
_prevention of night time cough or wheezing
_prevention of exacerbation of asthma
_avoiding adverse effects of medication

#proper treatmenT
1) identification and elimination of Exacerbating factors.
2) PharMacotherpy
_bronchodialators
_corticosteroids
_mast cell stabilizer
_leukotriene antagonists
_theophylline
_immuotherapy